Modigliani grew up in Italy, where he studied classical art and creative artists of the Renaissance, until in 1906 it moved to Paris. In Paris, he met with such great artists as Pablo Picasso and Constantin Brancusi, had a major influence on his work. Modigliani had poor health - he often suffered from a lung disease and the age of 35 died of tuberculosis. The life of the artist known only from a few reliable sources.
Modigliani heritage are mainly paintings and sketches, but from 1909 to 1914, he worked primarily on sculptures. As for the paintings and the sculpture, Modigliani was the main motive people. In addition preserved some landscapes; still lifes and genre paintings were not interested in the character of the artist. Modigliani often turned to the works of the representatives of the Renaissance, as well as popular at the time of African art. At the same time, Modigliani art can not be attributed to any of the modern trends of the time, such as Cubism and Fauvism. Because of this, consider the work of Modigliani's art apart from the main currents of the time. During the life of Modigliani had no success and became popular only after his death - at the last auction, "Sotheby's" in 2010, two paintings by Modigliani were sold at record prices for its heritage - 60.6 and 68.9 million
Childhood
Modigliani (Iedidiya) Modigliani was born into a progressive family of Sephardic Jews Flaminio Modigliani and Eugenia Garcia in Livorno (Tuscany, Italy). He was the youngest (fourth) of the children. His older brother, Giuseppe Emanuele Modigliani (1872-1947, a family name Meno) - later known Italian anti-fascist politician. His mother's great-grandfather, Solomon Garcia, and his wife Regina Spinoza settled in Livorno in the XVIII century (although their son Giuseppe, in 1835 he moved to Marseilles), the father's family moved to Livorno from Rome in the middle of the XIX century (the father was born in Rome 1840). Flaminio Modigliani (son Emanuele Modigliani and Olympia Della Rocca) was a mining engineer, led the coal mines in Sardinia and ran almost thirty acres of forest land, which belonged to his family.
By the time of the birth of Amedeo (family name Dedo) family business (trade wood and coal) have declined, the mother, who was born in 1855 and grew up in Marseille, had to earn a living teaching French language and translations, including works by Dr. Gabriele 'Annunzio. In 1886, Modigliani settled in the house of his grandfather - an impoverished and who moved to the daughter of Marcel Isaac Garcia, who until his death in 1894, close to educate grandchildren. The house also lived his aunt Gabriel Garcia (later committed suicide) and thus Amedeo childhood was immersed in the French language, which later facilitated his integration in Paris. It is believed that a romantic nature mother had a huge impact on the attitudes of the young Modigliani. Her diary, which she began to lead soon after birth Amedeo, is one of the few sources of documentary on the life of the artist.
At age 11, Modigliani became ill with pleurisy in 1898 - fever, which at the time was an incurable disease. This was a turning point in his life. According to the stories of his mother lying in a feverish delirium, Modigliani delirious Italian masterpieces, as well as to recognize its purpose as an artist. After recovery, the parents allowed Amedeo quit school so that he could start taking lessons in drawing and painting at the Art Academy Livorno.
Studying in Italy
In 1898 Modigliani began attending a private art studio Livorno Guglielmo Micheli. In his 14 years, he was the youngest of students in the class. In addition to the lessons in the studio with a strong focus on Impressionism, the studio Gino Romita Modigliani studied depict nudity. By 1900, the young Modigliani's health deteriorated, in addition, he contracted tuberculosis and was forced along with his mother to spend the winter 1900-1901 period in Naples, Rome and Capri. From his journey Modigliani wrote five letters to his friend Oscar Ghiglia, from which you can learn about on Modigliani to Rome.
In the spring of 1901 Modigliani followed Oscar Ghiglia Florence - they were friends despite the nine-year age difference. Following a winter in Rome in the spring of 1902 Modigliani went to free schools of painting nudes (Scuola libera di Nudo) in Florence, where he studied under Giovanni Fattoria skills. In that period, he began attending the Florentine museums and churches, learn to admire his art of the Renaissance.
A year later, in 1903, Modigliani again followed another Oscar, this time in Venice, where he remained until moving to Paris. In March, he went to the Venetian Institute of Fine Arts (Istituto di Belle Arti di Venezia), while continuing to study the work of the old masters. At the Venice Biennale in 1903 and 1905 Modigliani met with the works of French Impressionists - Rodin sculptures and examples of symbolism. It is believed that in Venice he was addicted to cannabis and began taking part in séances.
Sculpture
In April 1909 Modigliani moved to the studio in Montparnasse. After his patron, he met with the Romanian sculptor Constantin Brancusi, who later had a huge impact on Amedeo. Some time Modigliani preferred occupations sculpture before painting. It was even said that his sculptures stolen Modigliani stone blocks and wooden sleepers from construction sites being built at the time underground. The artist never puzzled denial of rumors and fabrications to your account. There are several theories as to why Modigliani changed activity. On one of them, the artist has long dreamed to do sculpture, but did not have the technical capabilities that are available to him only after the move to the new studio. On another, Modigliani wanted to try his hand at sculpture because of the failure of his paintings at exhibitions.
In the spring of 1910 Modigliani met a young Russian poet Anna Akhmatova. Their passionate romantic interest in each other lasted until August 1911, when they parted, never to meet again.
In 1911 Modigliani exhibited stone sculpture heads ("pillars of affection") in the studio of Portuguese painter Amadeo de Souza-Kordosu. Then he had the idea of creating a "temple of beauty", for which he developed the theme of caryatids. In 1912, Modigliani exhibited at the Salon d'Automne seven sculpted heads, some of them have even been purchased. There he met with sculptors Jacob Epstein and Jacques Lipschitz. Spring 1913 Modigliani held in Livorno, where he lived near the quarry. Of his letters Paul Alexander that in Livorno, he worked with marble and send finished sculpture in Paris, but no marble sculpture not preserved. That same year, Modigliani returned to painting. One reason could be the poor health - diagnosed in childhood tuberculosis.
Return to painting and the First World War
In 1914, the outbreak of the First World War. Modigliani, against his will, not taken for military service due to poor health, so he spent the war years with a small group of artists who remained in Paris. Picasso, Juan Gris, Chaim Soutine and Moses Kisling were in those years cafe regulars "Rotonda" in Montparnasse. Drafted into the army Paul Alexander has terminated the contract with the artist, and the new patron of Modigliani is an art gallery owner and collector Paul Guillaume, the artist has exhibited in his gallery.
In June 1914, Modigliani met the talented and eccentric Englishwoman Beatrice Hastings, who has managed to try out the arena circus artist, journalist, poet, traveler and art critic. Beatrice was the companion of Amedeo, his muse and favorite model - he has devoted her 14 portraits. Relationship with Beatrice lasted more than two years. Poet worked in Paris, an English newspaper columnist The New Age and described the social life of the city. Among other things, she wrote in the newspaper about the use of Modigliani and his friends Maurice Utrillo and Chaim Soutine alcohol and cannabis. Topic of drug use was taken up by media artists.
In 1915, Modigliani moved with Beatrice Norveyn street in Montmartre, where he painted portraits of his friends Picasso, Soutine, Jacques Lipschitz and celebrities of the time. That did Modigliani portraits of one of the central figures of Parisian bohemia.
Through Moses Kisling Modigliani met Polish poet Leopold Zborowski, who with his wife Anna (Hanka) took the artist under the patronage. "FRL" ward settled in his apartment, gave him pocket money and paid for supplies.
By order Zborowski during 1916-1917 period were written around 30 paintings in nude. December 3, 1917 was an exhibition of works by Modigliani Gallery Berthe Weill. Gallery is opposite the police station, and the keepers of the law, the indignant views exposed Modigliani nude, forced the latter to close the exhibition within a few hours after opening.
Creation
The direction in which the work of Modigliani, traditionally referred to Expressionism. However, this issue is not so simple. Knowingly artist Amedeo called Paris school - for the duration of your stay in Paris, he was influenced by various masters of fine art: Toulouse-Lautrec, Cezanne, Picasso, Renoir. In his work there are echoes of primitivism and abstraction. Modigliani sculpture studio clearly show the influence of fashion at that time, African sculpture on his work. Actually Expressionism in the works of Modigliani manifested in expressive sensuality of his paintings, in their great emotion.
Nude
Amedeo Modigliani is considered to be a singer beauty nude female body. He was one of the first to depict a more realistic nude emotionally. It is this fact at the time led to the lightning-fast closing his first solo exhibition in Paris. Nude in the works of Modigliani - not abstract, refined images and real portraits. Appliances and warm light in the paintings of Modigliani gamma "animating" his works. Paintings Amedeo made in nude, a pearl of his artistic heritage.
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