He worked on the film, "Un Chien Andalou", "Golden Age", "Bewitched." Author of "The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, told by himself" (1942), "Diary of a Genius» (1952-1963), Oui: The Paranoid-Critical Revolution (1927-33) and the essay "The Tragic Myth Angelus Millet."
Childhood
Salvador Dali was born on May 11, 1904 in the town of Figueres, Girona, the son of a prosperous notary. The nationality of Catalan, see themselves as such, and insisted that its features. Had a sister and brother (October 12, 1901 - August 1, 1903), who died of meningitis. Later, at the age of 5 years, on his grave, my parents told Salvador that he - the reincarnation of his older brother.
In childhood. Dali was smart, but arrogant and uncontrollable child. Once he even started a scandal at the market square for candy around the crowd and the police asked the shopkeeper to open it during siesta and give a naughty boy, did this sweetness. He achieved his whims and simulation, always wanted to stand out and attract attention. Numerous complexes and phobias (fear of grasshoppers [1] and others [which?]) Allowed him to engage in a regular school, meet with the children the usual bonds of friendship and sympathy. But, like any other person, experiencing sensory deprivation, he was looking for emotional contact with children in any way, trying to get used to their team, if not as a friend, then in any other role, or rather the sole, as he could - as a shocking and disobedient child, strange, eccentric, always acting against the
opinions of others. Playing in the school gambling, he acted as if he had won, and triumphed. Sometimes for no reason undertaken more fights. Part of the complexes, which led to all this, and were caused by the classmates: they belonged to the "country" rather intolerant child, used his fear of grasshoppers, slipped him by the scruff of the insects than El Salvador brought into hysterics, as he later told in his book "The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, told by himself."
Began to study fine arts at the municipal art school. From 1914 to 1918 brought the Academy Marist Brothers of the Order in Figueras. One of his childhood friends was the future football player of FC "Barcelona" Josep Samitier. In 1916, Ramon Pichot and his family, went on a vacation to the town of Cadaques, where he became acquainted with modern art.
Youth
In 1921, he entered the Academy of San Fernando. Picture submitted by him, another applicant, was praised by teachers, but has not been adopted because of the small size. Salvador Dali was given 3 days to produce the new picture. But the young man was in no hurry to work, much to bother his father, who already had suffered over the years of his quirks. In the end, the young Dali said that drawing is ready, but it is even smaller than the last, and it was a blow to his father. However, teachers because of very high skill have made an axception and took a young eccentric to the academy.
In the same year his mother died of Salvador Dali, which is a tragedy for him.
In 1922, [citation needed 784 days] moves to "Residence" (Spanish Residencia de Estudiantes) (student hostel in Madrid for gifted young people) and starts studying. In those years, all point to his panache. At this time, he met with Luis Buñuel, Federico García Lorca, Pedro Gárfiasom. Excitedly read Freud's work.
Discover new trends in painting develops - Dali experimented with Cubism and Dadaism methods. In 1926, he kicked out of the Academy for the arrogance and contempt for teachers. In the same year for the first time went to Paris, where he met with Páblo Pikásso. Trying to find your own style in the late 1920s created a number of works influenced by Joan Miró and Pikásso. In 1929, participating with Buñuel in creating surrealist film "Un Chien Andalou."
Then he first met his future wife Gala (Elena Dmitrievna Dyakonov), who was then the wife of the poet Paul Eluard. Having become acquainted with El Salvador, Gala, however, continues to meet with her husband, gets passing relationships with other poets and artists at that time seemed acceptable in the bohemian circles in which revolved Dali, Eluard and Gala. Realizing that actually stole from a friend's wife, El Salvador as "compensation," writes his portrait.
Early Years
Dali's work displayed at exhibitions, it is gaining popularity. In 1929, adjacent to the surrealist group, organized by André Breton. At the same time there is a break with his father. Hostility to the artist's family gala, related conflicts, scandals and the inscription on one of Dali's canvases - "Sometimes I spit with pleasure on the portrait of my mother" - led to the fact that the father cursed his son and put him out. Provocative, shocking and seemingly terrible things the artist is not always worth it literally and seriously, he probably did not want to offend his mother and had no idea where this will lead, perhaps he wanted to experience a series of emotions and experiences that stimulate at such sacrilege, at first glance, the act. But the father, sullen old death of his wife, whom he loved and his memory is cherished, could not resist the antics of his son, who became the last straw for him. In retaliation, the Salvador Dali indignant father sent in an envelope with his sperm angry letter: "This is what I owe you." Later, in the book "Diary of a Genius," the artist, being an old man, the father responds well, admits that he loved him greatly, and he endured the suffering of her son delivered.
In 1934, unofficially marries Gala (formal coronation took place in 1958 in the Spanish city of Girona). That same year, the first visit to the U.S..
The break with the Surrealists
After coming to power in the caudillo Fránko 1936 Dali quarrel with the surrealists, standing on the left-leaning, and he was expelled from the group. In response, not without reason, Dali said: "Surrealism - it's me." Salvador was almost apolitical, and even his monarchist views should be understood surreal, that is nevserez, as well as constantly advertised their sexual passion to Hitler. He lived a surreal, his statements and publications were broader and deeper meaning than the interests of particular political parties. Thus, in 1933, he paints a picture puzzle of William Tell, which depicts the Swiss folk hero in the image of Lenin with a huge butt. Dali reinterpreted Swiss myth of Freud: Tell became abusive father who wants to kill her baby. Superimposed personal memories of Dali, who broke with his father. Lenin, however, was seen as a communist-minded Surrealist spiritual, ideological father. The painting shows dissatisfaction overbearing parent, step towards the formation of a mature personality. But the Surrealists understood literally drawing as a caricature of Lenin, and some of them even tried to destroy the fabric.
The evolution of creativity. Departure from surrealism
In 1937, the artist visited Italy and was delighted with the works of the Renaissance. In his own work begins to dominate the correct human proportions and other features of academicism. Despite the departure from Surrealism, his paintings are still filled with surreal fantasies. Later Dali (in the tradition of his arrogance and outrageous) attributes to himself the salvation of modernist art from degradation, what binds its own name («Salvador» in Spanish means "Savior").
Dali in the U.S.
With the beginning of World War II, along with Dali Galoy traveled to the USA, where they live, from 1940 to 1948 in 1942 released a fictionalized autobiography "The Secret Life of Salvador Dali." His literary works, as well as works of art tend to be commercially successful. He collaborates with Walt Disney. He has the talent to experience the Dali in the film - art, which at that time was surrounded by an aura of magic, miracles, and opportunities. But the proposed project Salvador surreal cartoon Destino was considered not commercially practical, and work on it was stopped. Dali with director Alfred Hitchcock, and paints scenery for the stage of sleep from the movie "Spellbound." However, the scene was included in the film is very stripped-down - again, for commercial purposes.
Middle and senior years
After returning to Spain, lives mostly in his beloved Catalonia. In 1965 he moved to Paris and again, almost 40 years ago, it conquers his works, exhibitions and provocative actions. Removes bizarre short films, making surreal pictures. In the film, he uses mostly effects reverse, but cleverly chosen subject (flowing water, the ball bouncing on the steps), interesting comments, mysterious atmosphere created by the actor playing the artist, makes films with unusual art-house samples. Gave to appear in advertisements, even in this business do not miss the opportunity to express themselves. Viewers will long be remembered advertising chocolate, in which the artist takes a bite piece of tile, and then he curled from euphoric delight mustache, and he exclaims that crazy with this chocolate.
His relationship with Galoy quite complex. On the one hand from the very beginning of their relationship to promote it, to find buyers of his paintings, persuaded him to write the work more meaningful mass audience (dramatic change in his painting in the late 20's and 30's.), Shared with him and luxury and need. When there was no order for a picture, Gala forced her husband to develop product brands, costumes: her strong, decisive nature was very much needed willed artist. Gala to restore order in his studio, patiently folded canvas, paint, gifts that have been given no sense scattered, looking for the right thing. On the other hand, it always had a relationship on the side, in the later years of his wife often quarreled, love Dali was more wild passion and love Gala was not without calculation, with which she was married to a genius. In 1968, Dalí bought for Gala's castle in Pubol village in which she lived apart from her husband, and that he was able to attend only with the written permission of his wife. In 1981, Dali developed Parkinson's disease. In 1982, dies Gala.
Recent years
After his wife is going through a deep depression Dali. His paintings themselves are simplified, and they long dominated by the motive of sorrow (variations on "Pieta"). Parkinson's disease also interferes Dali painting. His most recent work ("Cockfights") are simple squiggles in which veiled body of characters - the last attempt of expression poor sick person. Care for the sick and crazed old man was difficult, he rushed to the nurses that tucked under the arm, shouting, biting. In 1984, the castle on fire. Paralyzed old man failed to ring the bell, trying to call for help. He eventually overcame weakness, fell off the bed and crawled to the door, but passed out at the door. With severe burns, he was taken to the hospital, but survived. Sick, weak, Dali died January 23, 1989 of a heart attack. The only legible phrase he uttered during the years of the disease, was "My friend Lorca": artist remembered the years of happy, healthy youth, when he was friends with the poet Federico Garcia Lorca. Dali walled body on the floor in one room of the theater, the Dalí Museum in Figueres. Artist bury it so that on the grave could not walk people.
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