Geographical position
The port on the Adriatic Sea (turnover of over 21 million tons per year), International Airport Marco Polo.
The historic center is located on 118 islands in the Venetian lagoon, separated by 150 canals and channels through which airlifted some 400 bridges (including the Rialto and the so-called Bridge of Sighs, both belong to the end of the XVI century).
Industrial and port of Venice (Mestre) mainland. Shipbuilding and repair, non-ferrous metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, electrical, light industry. Craftwork art glass (Murano, Museum), lace (Burano Island), mosaics. University Conservatory of Music (1916). Museums (including the Academy Gallery of Art). The first public opera house (1637-1812), the opera "La Fenice" (1792).
Venice Island - a seaside resort, the center of international tourism of global significance, venue of international film festivals, art and architecture exhibitions. Intercity transportation by motor boats, gondolas, barges. Settlement with the V century BC. e., the city since the beginning of IX century. With IX-X to XVI century - a major center of intermediary trade between Western Europe and the East. In the Middle Ages and up to 1797 the republic led to the Doge (from the late XIII century - oligarchic), was subject to a considerable territory. In 1797-1805 and 1815-1866 Venice - possession of Austria. Along canals and narrow crooked streets are richly decorated churches and palaces. In the central square - the Cathedral of St. Mark (IX-XV centuries), the Doge's Palace (XIV-XVI century), the Old Library of San Marco (XVI century), the building of religious brotherhoods (Scuol), monasteries. The city and the lagoon on the list of World Heritage.
Flooding of
Venice is gradually disappearing under the water - this fact faced by the ancient settlers who had to rebuild the city twice, moving to higher islands. Throughout the XX century Venice quickly (up to 5 mm per year) plunged into the lagoon as a result of land sank to 23 cm main cause of the disaster acted industrial extraction of water from artesian wells, and as a consequence, lower aquifer earth to the gradual flooding of the city Increasing pressure also affects ground objects: buildings, people, etc. After the closure of wells subsidence slowed, but not stopped. Scientists have calculated that Venice could become uninhabitable as early as 2028. The gradual destruction (erosion) of the city is also due to the increased frequency of floods in the Venice lagoon (the "high water", Italy. Acqua alta).
To save a draft of a unique city "Moses", included the construction of watertight barrier around the city. The project was approved by the engineer and was inaugurated in 2003 with the laying of the first stone Berlusconi. However, the construction of dams subjected to serious criticism because of low efficiency of such a flood, tested in the Netherlands, and the consequences for the environment (lack of sea water can lead to the extinction of many unique and rare animal species inhabiting the lagoons).
Story
The city's name comes from the Veneto region, and that - from the Veneti tribe that lived here in Roman times. However, under the Romans in the lagoon city settlement was not. People began to settle in the Venice lagoon after the invasions of the barbarians - the Visigoths, Huns of Attila and the Lombards - held here in V-VI centuries, and devastated the city on the continent, the most significant of which was Aquileia. Urban settlement on the islands of the Venetian lagoon was established in the half of the VI century. [1] Initially the center of the settlement was in the islands of Torcello and Malamocco but VIII century began to move to its present position. In the VII century, the island at the initiative of the Byzantine Empire, which they formally belong to, were united under the rule of a single ruler - the Doge. The first Doge Paolo Lucio Anafesto was elected in 697 year, so there is no documentary evidence, and replaced the Byzantine Magister militum, ruled the whole province. From the middle of the century VIII elected doge of Venice, it was not supposed to say Byzantine emperor. First confirmed the election of the Doge sources held in 727, all the history of the city was elected Doge 120. Last, Ludovico Manin, abdicated in 1797.
After the lesson (751) Lombards Ravenna Venice is the last area in Italy, formally under the control of the Byzantine Empire. After turning on the rest of Italy to the empire of Charlemagne, it actually remained link between the Byzantine Empire and the Western world, which contributed to the rapid growth of Venice as a trading city. In the IX century, this growth is constrained by the danger of invasion of the Hungarians, Slavs, Normans and Arabs (in 975 Muslim fleet reached the town of Grado). During the reign of the Doge Pietro II Orseolo (991-1009) Venice managed to sign contracts with all the surrounding nations to ensure the independence of the city and unhindered trade and the territorial expansion of the start of the Republic, capturing territory in Dalmatia.
In 828 he had moved to Venice in Alexandria stolen relics of St. Mark, and placed in a specially constructed for this cathedral. By the end of IX century Venice acquired the structure, with islands and channels, which it retains to this day. To protect against a possible invasion of the Hungarians built a defensive system with walls and chain block the entrance to the Grand Canal.
With the founding of the city of Venice has never been vassal relations between the citizens of the republic. In this sense, it was unique in medieval Europe, public education. When the Doge Pietro IV Kandiano tried a policy of greater engagement in Venice vnutriitalyanskie case, the fear caused by the progressive introduction of vassalage uprising 976 years, in which the Doge was killed. About 1040 statute was passed forbidding anyone in life Doge appoint a successor or co-regent.
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